), “Nearly half (48.3%) of life and virtual life-sentenced individuals are African American, equal to one in five black prisoners overall. ), Massachusetts Department of Correction, May, 2014, “A steady decline from January 2012 to January 2014 reflects a seven percent decrease in the custody population.”, “...to understand how Virginia got to where it is today, the Justice Policy Institute has summarized the trends under three major themes: more people serving longer sentences, more people coming into the system and fewer people leaving the system.”, “Jail churn is particularly high because at any given moment most of the 722,000 people in local jails have not been convicted...”, “The central problem with offender-funded, pay only probation is this: the longer it takes offenders to pay off their debts, the longer they remain on probation and the more they pay in supervision fees.”, Stanford Criminal Justice Center, January, 2014, “What is the result of California's great prison experiment? "”, Bureau of Justice Statistics, April, 2020, “At year-end 2018, an estimated 1,465,200 prisoners were under state or federal jurisdiction.”, “In recent years most states have enacted reforms designed to reduce the scale of incarceration and the impact of the collateral consequences of a felony conviction.”, “While income inequality is associated with higher rates of incarceration for all race and ethnicity groups (although not always in statistically significant fashion), the effect is largest for non-white, nonHispanic individuals.”, The Council on Criminal Justice, September, 2019, “Many states, likely encouraged by national-level rhetoric about the wisdom of "tough-on-crime" legislation, adopted their own Truth-in-Sentencing reforms prior to the Crime Bill.”, “At the pace of decarceration since 2009, averaging 1% annually, it will take 65 years-- until 2085--to cut the U.S. prison population in half.”, (Only 13 of the urban counties evaluated had incarceration rates significantly (that is, more than 10%) lower than the states they belong to. ), “Parental imprisonment has emerged as a novel—and distinctively American—childhood risk that is concentrated among black children and children of low-education parents.”, “Reports a sharp decline in black incarceration for drug offenses for the first time in 25 years.”, “In 2006, prison population growth was half what it was in 1996, but in recent years, jail population growth has exceeded that of prisons.”, (Bearing Witness captures the perspectives of the people of Baltimore City impacted by the criminal justice system and their suggestions for alternatives to addressing social problems. Another huge piece of the issue is the social and economic inequality that contributes to fewer quality educational opportunities being available to prisoners pre-incarceration. Appligent AppendPDF Pro 6.3 endobj [Reducing] the number of people held pretrial in a safe and effective way can greatly reduce the jail population & associated costs.”, “Given that many state policymakers have expressed an intention to permit the release of elderly inmates who are not a threat to public safety, it is remarkable that geriatric release policies have had little impact.”, “[A]s of January 1, 2010, there were 1,404,053 persons under the jurisdiction of state prison authorities, 4,777 (0.3 percent) fewer than there were on December 31, 2008. This report argues that parole decisions should take into account this reality & aim to better repare people for release, not incarcerate them needlessly. Reducing Racial Disparity While Enhancing Public Safety: Probation and Parole in the United States, 2004, Hennepin County Disproportionate Minority Contact Study, Profile of Inmates Under Custody on January 1, 2005, Probation and Parole in the United States, 2003, ABA Justice Kennedy Commission Recommendations, Building Bridges: From Conviction to Employment - One Year Later, Profile of Inmate Population Under Custody on January 1, 2004, Positive Trends in State-Level Sentencing and Corrections Policy, Probation and Parole in the United States, 2002. 2021-02-03T21:38:43-08:00