"[80]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" In March 1862 the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. The river crossing at Edward's Ferry was protected throughout the war. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. The park has 20 miles of hiking, biking and equestrian trails, and an orienteering course at the campground is suitable for novices. The sirens whistled. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, about 4,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. Animosity against Lincoln would remain, and Marylander John Wilkes Booth would assassinate President Lincoln on April 14, 1865, crying "sic semper tyrannis" the Virginia state motto as he did so in Washington's Ford's Theater, then fleeing and hiding in southern Maryland for a week hunted by Federal troops before slipping across the Potomac and later shot in a Virginia barn. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. See more ideas about civil war, war, civil war photos. The campground has restrooms, outdoor showers and a camp store. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. 3 is one such Camp. Abolition of slavery in the State of Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to... Antietam. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced the bloodiest... Monocacy. 3 Surratt House Museum. Camps were considered temporary throughout the year until the winter months when the armies would establish winter quarters. Impassable, muddy roads and harsh weather precluded active operations. This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. Circuit Court for Maryland by Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, a Marylander from Frederick and former member of the administration of the seventh President Andrew Jackson, who had nominated him two decades earlier. Some of the most decisive battles of the Civil War were fought on Maryland’s soil, a state whose citizens were just as ideologically divided as the soldiers on the battlefield. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. While the 1st Maryland Infantry garrisoned the fort during the early months of the war, officers occupied several rooms in the Williams’ home, which was located near the present park gift shop. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. [1] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[1]. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MarylandSlavePop.jpg, http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/lincolnconspiracy/boothdiary.html, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' statue withstands the controversy", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Union and Confederate forces marched through Maryland on their way to engagements in the Shenandoah Valley, southern Virginia and to the battle of Gettysburg, skirmishing in small towns such as Boonsboro, Williamsport and Hagerstown. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C.. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. (Photo: Medioimages/Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images ). Topics and series. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. [citation needed] Most of these volunteers tended to hail from southern and eastern counties of the state, while northern and western Maryland furnished more volunteers for the Union armies. The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 between the northern states (the Union) and the southern states (the Confederacy). If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. The Maryland Civil War Trails map and guide, "John Wilkes Booth, Escape of an Assassin", has more info on sites in St. Mary's County. After viewing the one room that housed the general merchandise store of John Poole, Jr. in the John Poole House, visitors find a second display in the real room expansion of the log cabin. Jul 22, 2017 - Explore ACWS UK's board "CIVIL WAR CAMPS", followed by 398 people on Pinterest. Early defeated Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. On the eve of the Civil War in 1860, Nathan and Ammy bought the Fort Frederick property for $7,000. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. All along the East Coast blackout drills were preparing citizens against Hitler’s Luftwaffe that were blitzing London. [87] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. [10] Soldiers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts were transported by rail to Baltimore, where they had to disembark, march through the city, and board another train to continue their journey south to Washington.[11]. He trained for a short time at Camp Hudson, and then at Camp Millington, outside … 4 ► Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — Civil War in Allegany County — Strategic Location — During the Civil War, thousands of United States soldiers were stationed here in Cumberland and Allegany County to guard against raids and incursions by Confederate forces. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the strong desire of the opposing factions within the state to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of … Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[82] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System currently includes information about two Civil War prisons: Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Maryland, once a temporary home to more than 15,000 Confederate soldiers; and Andersonville prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, where more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined. Civil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. "Teaching American History in Maryland – Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634–1980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? Maryland's Overthrow. In July of 1864, Gen. Jubal Early marched his troops through the Shenandoah Valley in an attempt to capture Fredericksburg and eventually Washington, D.C. Union forces gathered on the banks of the Monocacy River, and on July 9, the opposing armies engaged. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. See Full List. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced the bloodiest single day in American military history. Originally intended as a “camp of instruction,” a camp for paroled prisoners was established near Annapolis, Maryland, in the summer of 1862. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. Not all sites have potable water, and water spigots at other sites are turned off from Nov. 15 through April 15. [38][39], The following month in November 1861, Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 53–13 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. Pick up a copy one of our Visitor Centers Explore Omenhausser's World. 62-65. Point Lookout is a Maryland state park at the southern tip of St. Mary's County, Maryland.It is a peninsula formed by the confluence of the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River.. Captain John Smith first explored the Point in 1612. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. Point Lookout was the largest and one of the worst Union prisoner-of-war camps, established on August 1, 1863. The site was abandoned by the Army after the Civil War, the land was transferred to the Navy in 1873. Below are all names of camps mentioned in primary sources during the War, as well as the unit, time period, location, and who the … "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. On April 14, 1865 the actor John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. Booth was born in Harford County, Maryland, a northern county on the Pennsylvania border, which had few slaves. [87], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union, such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, but were ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney, and in the official lyrics of the still divisive Maryland state anthem, Maryland, My Maryland, which refers to Lincoln as a "despot," a "Vandal," and, the word Marylander John Wilkes Booth shouted when he assassinated Lincoln, a "tyrant. Erected by Maryland Civil War Trails. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. The wooded campground offers electric and primitive campsites with picnic tables and fire rings. The Chief Justice (not in a decision with the other justices) had held that the suspension was unconstitutional and could only be done by Congress and would leave lasting civil and legal scars. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. There is a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". [75] Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor (2,633 to 263). William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Obviously many natives of Maryland were doubtless in 1861 citizens of other States, and could not therefore be reckoned among the soldiers furnished by Maryland to the Confederate armies. [1][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[2]. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. [1] The decision was filed in the U.S. Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police, were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. Poolesville, Maryland, in Montgomery County was the location of a Civil War camp when the area was occupied by Union troops. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. © 2020 USATODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc. Campgrounds That Are Open in Maryland Year-Round for Tent ... Campsites along the C&O Canal provide easy access to battlefields. [85] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. 69-70. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. The battle of South Mountain, notable for the discovery by Union forces of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Special Order 191 detailing his army's movements, was prelude to Antietam. For example, two Camp Bradfords existed in Maryland during the War, both presumably named after Augustus Bradford, the pro-Union Governor of Maryland. Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS] … Traditionally, much of Baltimore's trade was tied to the south, but by 1860 the city's coastwise trade had … Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. ", This page was last edited on 20 February 2021, at 12:32. On Sept. 14, the two armies clashed at Fox's Gap and Turner's Gap; by the end of the day Lee's forces had withdrawn to the countryside around Sharpsburg. The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 18–19, 1861, on the waterfront piers adjacent to Pratt and President Street, between the President Street Station and the Camden Street Station. Maryland in the Civil War Chapter III. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. The Coast Guard (U.S. Lighthouse Board) acquired the land in 1896 for use as the Annapolis Lighthouse Depot. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. See chart and explanation, p. 550. The National Park Service limits camping to one night, and getting to some sites requires a hike along the canal. Stuart. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1007885864, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)).